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humans from the current ecological crisis" (269). Though Holden provides no conceivable
solution to any of the environmental issues raised in the text, The Catcher in the Rye succeeds
as an ecocritical novel. Through Holden's isolation and unpleasant experiences in the city,
along with Holden's unreachable desire to understand and preserve nature, readers are
encouraged to consider a biocentric world-view. Through following Holden's ecological
thinking, readers are not given any answers, but more importantly, they are given the right
questions.

Works Cited

Baer, Leonard D, and Wilbert M. Gesler. "Reconsidering the Concept of Therapeutic Landscapes
in JD Salinger's the Catcher in the Rye." Area 36.4 (2004): 404-4133 Academic Search
Complete. Web. 18 Nov. 2015.
Dinesen, Isak. Out of Africa. New York: Modem Library, 1952. Print.

Glofelty, Cheryll. "Introduction: Literary Studies in an Age of Environmental Crisis." The
Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology. Ed. Cheryll Glotfelty and
Harold Fromm. Athens: University of Georgia. 1996. Print.

Salinger, J. D. The Catcher in the Rye. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. 1951. Print.
Shoba, K.N. "From Nature Writing to Ecocriticism- an Evolutionary Outline of Ecocritical

Writing." Language in India Aug. 2012: 441 +. Literature Resource Center. Web. 9
Nov 2015.
Wang, Cui, and Xiaofen Zhang. "Returning To Youth And Nature The Catcher In The Rye In
Ecocriticism." Journal Of Language Teaching And Research 1.3 (2010): 269-273.
MLA International Bibliography. Web. 10 Nov. 2015.